system, apparatus and method for stimulating wells and managing a reservoir of natural resources.

专利摘要:
grouping of translational activating elements for enhancing expression of polypeptides in plants. "Compositions and methods for enhancing expression of a polypeptide of interest in a plant or part thereof are provided. The compositions of the invention are polynucleotide constructs which include ( a) at least one activator element derived from a serially accumulated virus with at least one transactional activator element derived from a cellular gene, and (b) an operably linked polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of interest. and plant parts including such polynucleotide constructs are also provided, methods are also provided for increasing expression of a polypeptide of interest in a plant or part of a plant utilizing polynucleotide constructs and expression cassettes of the invention.
公开号:BR112012014018A2
申请号:R112012014018
申请日:2010-12-10
公开日:2019-08-20
发明作者:Alfredo Zolezzi-Garreton
申请人:Tech Research Ltd；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

SYSTEM, APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR STIMULATING WELLS AND ADMINISTRATING. A RESERVOIR OF NATURAL RESOURCES
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS
The present application relates to and claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Norte5 Application No. Serial 61 / 285,541 ^fl deposited on December 11, 2009 and Application of U.S. Patent No. ² Serial 12 / 963,638 filed on December 9 2010.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention refers to stimulating and managing the production of wells producing 10 natural resources, such as crude oil, gas, and / or water; specifically, the invention relates to a system, method and mechanism for stimulating geological formation using a downhole tool to apply high and low frequency mechanical waves to one or more wells in a production field, and a system to collect the information data of the production parameters, and 15 process the data to guide the stimulus process.
A portion of the disclosure in this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to anyone reproducing a fax of the patent document or patent disclosure, as contained in the file and records of the Patent and Trademark Office 20, but otherwise reserves all copyrights associated with this document.
HISTORY OF THE INVENTION
A major challenge with the production of natural resources such as oil, gas and water from wells is that productivity gradually decreases over time. While a decrease is expected to naturally accompany reserve depletion
2/49 in the reservoir, often well before any significant depletion of the reserves, production decreases due to factors that affect the geological formation in the area immediately adjacent to the well and in the well configuration itself. For example, the production of Crude Oil may decrease due to a reduction in the permeability of rock formation adjacent to the well, a decrease in the fluidity of the oil or deposit of solids in the drilling leading to the collection area of the well.
In production wells, perforations assist the fluid from the formation by penetrating through cracks or fissures in the formation to flow towards a collection compartment in the well. Thus, the pore size of the perforations connecting the well to the formation determines the flow rate of the fluid from the formation towards the well. Along with the flow of oil, gas or water, very small solid particles from the formation, called “fines,” flow and often settle around and inside the well, thus reducing the pore size.
Solids, such as clays, colloids, salts, paraffin, etc., accumulate in the well's drilling zones. These solids reduce the absolute permeability or interconnection between the pores. Mineral particles can be deposited, inorganic scales can precipitate, paraffins, asphalt or bitumen can settle, clay 20 can become hydrated, and injection sludge and brine solids can invade perforations. The latter problems lead to a flow restriction in the area adjacent to the perforations.
As a result of reduced productivity in oil wells, for example, exploration can become prohibitively expensive, forcing the abandonment of the 25 wells.
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Oil and gas production wells, for example, are periodically stimulated by applying three general types of treatment: mechanical, chemical and other conventional techniques that include intensive rinsing, fracture and acid treatment.
Chemical acid treatment consists of injecting mixtures of acids, such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid (HCI and HF), into the production area. The acid is used to dissolve the reactive components (eg, carbonates, clay minerals, and to a lesser extent, silicates) in the rock, thereby increasing permeability. Additives, such as reaction retardants and solvents, are often added to mixtures to improve the performance of acid in the acidification operation.
While acid treatment is a common treatment for stimulating oil and gas wells, this treatment has multiple disadvantages. Among the disadvantages of acid treatment are: 1) the cost of acids and the cost of disposing of production waste are high; 2) acids are often incompatible with crude oil, and can produce viscous oily residues inside the well; precipitates formed as soon as the acid is consumed can often be more offensive than dissolved minerals; and 3) the penetration depth of the active or live acid is generally low (less than 5 inches or 12.7 cm).
Hydraulic fracture is a mechanical treatment normally used to stimulate oil and gas wells. In this process, high hydraulic pressures are used to produce vertical fractures in the formation. The fractures can be filled with polymeric plugs, or treated with acid (in rocks, carbonates and soft rocks), to form the permeability channels within the region of the drilling hole; these-annals-allow-the-oil-and-gas to flow. However, the cost of hydraulic fracture is extremely high (as much as 5 to 10 times higher than the costs of
4/4 9 acid treatment). In some cases, the fracture can extend within the areas where water is present, thus increasing the amount of water produced (a significant disadvantage for oil extraction). Hydraulic fracture treatments extend for several hundred meters from the well, and are used most often when rocks are of low permeability. The possibility of successfully forming polymeric plugs on all fractures is usually limited, and problems, such as fracture plug and plug crushing, can severely deteriorate the productivity of hydraulic fractures.
Another method for improving oil production in wells involves the injection of steam or water. One of the most common problems in depleted oil wells is the precipitation of paraffin and asphaltenes or bitumen in and around the well. The steam from the hot oil was injected into such wells to melt and dissolve the paraffin in the oil or petroleum, and then all the mixtures flow to the surface. Often, organic solvents are used (such as xylene) to remove asphaltenes or bitumen, whose melting point is high, and which are insoluble in alkanes. Steam and solvents are very expensive (solvents even more than steam), specifically when marginal wells are treated, producing less than 10 barrels of oil per day. The main imitation for the use of steam and solvents is the absence of mechanical mixing, which is required to dissolve or keep the paraffin, asphaltenes or bitumen in suspension.
Empirical evidence has shown that seismic waves can have an important effect on oil reservoirs. For example, after seismic waves, whether from earthquakes or artificial induction, there is an increase in fluid levels (water or oil), -tm-yielding-increase-in-oil-production — A report on these phenomena is published by LA. Beresnev and P. A. Johnson (GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 59,
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AT THE. 6, JUNE 1994; P. 1000-1017), which is included in its entirety in the present by reference.
Several methods using sound waves to stimulate oil wells have been described. Challacombe (US Patent No. 3721297) describes a tool for cleaning wells using pressure pulses: a series of explosive and gas generator modules are interconnected in a chain, such that the ignition of one of the explosives triggers the and a progression or sequence of explosions is produced. These explosions generate shock waves that clean the well. There are obvious disadvantages to this method, such as, potential damage that can be caused to the high pressure oil and gas wells. The use of this method is not feasible, due to additional hazards, including fire and lack of control during the treatment period.
Sawyer (U.S. Patent No. ² 3648769) describes a hydraulically controlled diaphragm that produces “low range sinusoidal vibrations”. The 15 waves generated are of low intensity, and are not directed or focused to face the formation (rock). As a consequence, the main part of energy is propagated along the perforations.
Ultrasound techniques were developed to increase the production of crude oil from wells. However, there are a large number of effects 20 associated with exposing solids and fluids to an ultrasound field of certain frequencies and energy. In the case of fluids, specifically, cavitation bubbles can be generated. These are gas bubbles dissolved in liquid, or gas bubbles of the same liquid (phase change). Other associated phenomena ------- are-degassing-of-liquid-and cleaning-of-solid surfaces .------ 25 Maki Jr. et al. (US Patent No. ² 5595243) proposes an acoustic device
6/4 9 in which a piezoceramic transducer is fitted as a radiator. The device presents difficulties in its manufacture and use, as an asynchronous operation is required of a high number of piezoceramic radiators.
Vladimir Abramov et al., In “Device for Transferring Ultrasonic Energy to a
Half liquid or paste ^"(the N U.S. Patent 5,994,818) and" Ultrasonic device for transmitting energy to a liquid or paste medium (U.S. Patent 6,429,575 ^to N), proposes a mechanism consisting of an alternating current generator operating within the range from 1 to 100 kHz to transmit ultrasonic energy, and a piezoceramic or magnetostrictive transducer emitting 10 ultrasound waves, which are transformed by a tubular resonator or waveguide system (or sonotrode) into transverse oscillations that come into contact with the irradiated liquid or pasty medium. However, these patents are designed to be used in very large containers, at least as compared to the size and geometry of the perforations present in the wells. This 15 shows the limitations from a dimensional point of view, and also for transmission mode if it is desired to improve the production capabilities of the oil wells.
Julie C. Slaughter et al., In “Downhole Type Ultrasound Radiator and
Method to use it "(in U.S. Patent No. ^fi 6,230,788) proposes a device 20 that uses ultrasonic transducers manufactured Terfenol-D alloy and placed in the bottom of the well and powered by an ultrasonic generator located in surface. The location of the transducers, axially to the device, allows emission along a transverse direction. This invention proposes a reduction in the viscosity of hydrocarbons contained in the well through emulsification, when reacting with an alkaline solution injected into the well. That device
7/49 considers a forced surface circulation of fluid as a cooling system, to ensure continuity of irradiation.
Dennos C. Wegener et al in "Reduction Heavy Oil Viscosity and Production," (U.S. Patent ^No.'s 6,279,653) describes a method and device for producing heavy oil (specific gravity of less than API 20 ) applying ultrasound generated by a transducer made of Terphenol alloy, connected to a conventional extraction pump, and energized by a generator installed on the surface. In this invention, the presence of an alkaline solution is also considered, similar to an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), to generate an emulsion with crude oil of lower density and viscosity, thus facilitating the recovery of oil by impulse with a bomb. Here, a transducer is installed in an axial position to produce longitudinal ultrasonic emissions. The transducer is connected to an adjacent rod that operates as a waveguide or sonotrode.
Robert J. Meyer et al in "Method for improving Oil Recovery Using an Ultrasonic Technique" (U.S. Patent ^No.'s 6,405,796) proposes a method for recovering oil using an ultrasonic technique. The proposed method consists of disintegrating agglomerates by means of an ultrasonic irradiation technique, and the operation is proposed within a certain frequency range, for the purpose of handling fluids and solids in different conditions. The main oil recovery mechanism is based on the kinetics of these components within the device.
The previous technique mentioned last generates ultrasonic waves via a transducer that is externally supplied by an electrical generator and connected to the transducer through a transmission cable. The transmission cable is usually longer
8/4 9 than 2 km, which has the disadvantage of loss of signal transmission. Since the transmission of high frequency electric current at such depths is reduced to 10% of its initial value, the generated signal must have a high intensity (or energy), sufficient for the proper operation of the transducers inside the well.
Furthermore, since the transducers must operate in a high power regime, the water or air cooling system is required, which, in turn, represents great difficulties when placed inside the well. The latter implies that the ultrasound intensity must not exceed 0.5-0.6 W / cm2. This level is insufficient for the desired purposes, as the limit of acoustic effects in oil and 10 rocks is 0.8 to 1 W / cm2.
Andrey a. Pechkov, in "Method for Acoustic Stimulation of the Lower Zone of the Drilling Hole for Production Formation" (RU Patent N-2 026 969), reveals the methods and devices to stimulate the production of fluids inside a production well. These devices incorporate, as an innovative element, an electrical generator 15 connected to the transducer, and both integrated in the lower part of the well. These transducers operate in a non-continuous mode, and can operate without the need for an external cooling system. The inability to operate in a continuous mode to prevent overheating is one of the main disadvantages of this implantation, since the availability of the device is reduced. Furthermore, due to the generator being located at the bottom of the well, and especially due to the use of high power, the failure rate of the equipment is likely to be high, thus increasing the maintenance cost.
Oleg Abramov et al., In 'Acoustic Method for Well Recovery, and ---------- Parasiticmplantation Mechanism' - (American Patent-N ^Q -7O63144), reveals an electroacoustic method for stimulating production within of an oil well. O
9/4 9 method consists of stimulating, by powerful ultrasound waves, the well extraction zone, causing an increase in mass transfer through its walls. This ultrasonic field produces large waves of tension and pressure in the formation, thus facilitating the passage of liquids through the well recovery holes. It also prevents the accumulation of “fines” in these holes, thus increasing the well's useful life and its extraction capacity.
Kostyuchenko in “Method and mechanism for generating seismic waves” (North American patent 6776256) generates seismic waves in an oil reservoir to stimulate the well by means of chemical detonation. A packer is lowered into the well, where a mixture of fuel and air is injected, and then detonated, generating seismic waves that reach the walls of the well. Some problems may arise, considering possible unwanted explosions and difficulties regarding the transportation of a mixture of fuel and air with depth in the well.
Kostrov in "Method and Mechanism for Seismic Stimulation of Fluid Formations" (United States patent 6899175) describes another device for generating seismic waves. Shock waves are generated when the compressed liquid is discharged into the well casing, forming seismic waves in the well's drilling hole. This device has a limited range of applications, as it can only be used in injection wells.
Ellingsen in “Sound source to stimulate oil reservoirs” (publication of US patent application 2009/0008082), a seismic wave generator is presented. Pressurized gas from a compressor located on the surface is transported to the drilling orifice in which a sound source operates that emits seismic waves. The main limitation of this device is that it cannot operate at more than 1 kHz.
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Murray in “Electric pressure tool and method (United States patent 7367405) describes the use of a tool to stimulate a hole using mechanical waves. This tool comprises a housing having a liquid-filled chamber, in which an electrical discharge is produced. The discharge vaporizes the liquid creating a shock wave that pushes a piston, thus generating a pressure wave in the adjacent fluid. However, the presence of moving parts in the hole can present difficulties, for example, to provide the required maintenance.
In “The application of high power sound waves to clean the drilling hole, Champion et al., Analyzes the techniques related to high power sound waves used in the well stimulus, and indicates that a variety of techniques exist for the generation of sound waves, with one of the most common laboratory methods including the use of piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducers. Piezoelectric devices employ a crystal that oscillates in response to an applied oscillating voltage, while magnetostrictive devices employ an alloy that changes shape in the presence of a magnetic field and creates a powerful force. In both cases, this study indicates that the generated oscillatory movement is used to drive an acoustic transmitter element. The average power level of these devices is in the region of 0.5 watts / cm2, and the potential to increase this is significantly limited due to the presence of gas bubbles released by periodic pressure fluctuations within the fluid. Instead of this transducer-based method, Champion et al. proposes the generation of high power sound waves when initiating a high-voltage electrical discharge in a liquid medium — the electrolyte. This concept of sound wave generation was previously practiced in the development and
11/4 9 application of deep-sea and seismic sparker sources.
A high-energy electrical discharge, which may be in the order or several hundred joules, is triggered in a spark gap submerged in an electrolyte. Typical electrical breakdown times in the water can be designed to occur on the billionth of a second time scale. A high current flows from the anode to the cathode, which causes the electrolyte adjacent to the spark gap to vaporize and form a rapidly rising plasma gas bubble. After the discharge stops, the bubble continues to expand until its diameter increases beyond the sustainable limit by surface tension, at which point it will quickly break (10 cavitation mechanism), producing the shock wave that propagates through the fluid and is used for cleaning the drilling hole. Previous work in the field has shown that the creation of this transient acoustic shock wave, in the form of a pressure step function, has the potential to generate high-powered ultrasound with an intensity greater than 50 watts / cm ² .
Sidney Fisher and Charles Fisher in “Recovery of hydrocarbons from oil wells partially depleted by mechanical wave heating” (United States Patent 4049053) describes the heating of underground viscous hydrocarbon deposits, such as viscous waste in oil wells. conventional oil, by mechanical wave energy to fluidize the hydrocarbons so 20 to facilitate their extraction. The latest invention comprises a system for generating mechanical waves located on the land surface by transmitting the waves to the bottom of the well.
US Patent 7079952, called “System and Method for Real-Time Reservoir Management — for-Halliburton-Energy Services, Inc. This patent 25 comprises a field-level management system for a reservoir of
12/4 9 oil based real time. This field management system comprises several software tools that wirelessly interface with each other to generate an injection forecast and field production. The resulting product of the system disclosed in this patent is a real-time control of downhole production and / or 5 injection flow devices, such as regulators, valves and other real-time control and control devices for surface production. and injection control devices.
United States Patent 6943697, “Reservoir Management System and Method for Schlumberger Technology Corporation. The latter reveals a system for controlling the depletion rates of a hydrocarbon field being developed is described. In this system, the central control unit receives the training data and analyzes the training data for a plurality of wells in order to determine the depletion rate for each well so that the field can be exhausted in an economical and efficient way. .
US Patent Application 2007/0156377, Integrated Reservoir Optimization. The latest patent reveals a method for managing a fluid or gas reservoir. This system assimilates several data having different scales of acquisition time (frequent and infrequent rate, or high and low, respectively) producing a reservoir implantation plan that is used to optimize the overall performance of the reservoir.
Patent 7809537 B2, called “Generalized Well Management in Simulation of Parallel Reservoir” reveals a computer-implemented method of analyzing the performance of a hydrocarbon reservoir to predict future production of dos-Wells hydrocarbon fluids in the reservoir. A set of production rules is established for an object in the formation. An object can be a well,
13/4 9 a number of conclusions in a well or a group of wells in the reservoir. The performance data for these objects is then processed on the computer to *
determine simulated production results. The simulated production results are then compared to the established set of production rules. If any of these rules are violated, corrective action for that object for which the rule has been violated can be taken.
Therefore, a method and system is needed to improve the productivity of the well that does not present (or at least minimize) the mentioned disadvantages of each respective prior technique.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is a system, method and mechanism to stimulate natural resource wells, such as oil, gas and water and to manage the process of stimulating one or more wells in order to optimize the exploitation of the natural resource from a reservoir .
The invention provides a system that allows a well manager (or reservoir) to collect and process information, devise an approach to manage one or more wells in a production reservoir, and to implement methods and systems that increase reservoir production. For example, using the system, a manager is able to analyze the data collected from seismic probes, identify and anticipate 20 high productivity zones in a reservoir and make decisions to manage production wells in order to optimize production.
The invention provides a modular mechanism that can be configured with one or more modules to provide high-power elastic wave generators, a power source and iim- © u - plus - systems-to-G © leta © -information and transmit data from 25 information from the bottom of the well to a control and processing system
14/4 9 of surface data. The elastic wave generators comprise devices capable of generating high frequency elastic waves and devices capable of generating low frequency elastic waves. The mechanism is capable of being adjusted with other existing treatment technologies to improve recovery. Furthermore, the mechanism does not require it to be removed between treatments and can be permanently installed in a well while production is in progress for the purpose of continuously (or periodically) applying stimulus and collecting stimulus in real time and production information.
In an embodiment of the invention, short-lived high-energy pulse discharges are carried out in a controlled environment within a radiation chamber in order to generate seismic waves that are transmitted to a surface of the chamber and in the geological formation.
By combining one or more acoustic modules, the system incorporating the invention can be adapted to treat any type of well, depending on a set of parameters that characterize each well and / or specific geological formation. In the embodiments of the invention, one or more modules can be combined to achieve the well stimulus. Using a low frequency, high power electroacoustic module, the low attenuation of low frequency mechanical waves allows waves to travel over long distances. This configuration can be intended for long range applications in reservoirs. The last configuration of the device allows the acoustic treatment of the reservoir at extreme depths (5000 to 15000 meters), and also at shallow depths.
An implantation of the invention can use another means to generate low frequency elastic waves. Low frequency elastic waves can result from the modulation of high frequency elastic waves. For example, by periodically
15/4 9 operating a high frequency elastic wave generator in high frequency energy surges, it is possible to generate low frequency waves whose wavelength is determined by the low frequency periodicity of the device's operation. The latter is due to the intrinsic properties of the material (eg, geological formation) in which the waves propagate.
In addition to the long-range stimulus benefits of low-frequency vibrations, the low-frequency module can be involved in applications that map underground geological structures using seismic detection technology.
The high frequency and high power electroacoustic modules can be used in short range applications, such as oil well stimulation. Such modules can affect the oil present at the bottom of the well, drilling hole and / or perforated area of the well, increasing its fluidity, reducing its viscosity and greatly increasing the well's permeability. Thus, improving the rate of extraction of hydrocarbons.
The seismic modules based on a continuous working seismic device can be used to characterize the reservoir in terms of fluid mobility, fluid saturation and effective permeability of the rock.
In addition, one or more drive systems, such as to apply heat treatment, acidification treatment or any other existing means to treat wells, can be used to apply conventional well treatment alone or in combination with the acoustic wave treatment .
A monitoring system that comprises one or more sensors to collect information about the state of the well can be used to assess the status of each well independently, integrating the data with the previously acquired data; and - analyze the data within the reservoir structure as a whole.
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The target applications in accordance with the embodiments of the invention comprise the integrated reservoir management system, for example, by installing the operation of one or more of the different modules of the invention in one or more wells in a reservoir; improving hydrocarbon recovery at any depth, including extremely deep extraction zones; management system for reservoirs, including extremely complex reservoirs, and unconventional deposits; collection and management of new valuable information allowing a manager to decide on operational tasks, eg whether it is feasible to intervene in the operation of the well by means of hydraulic fracture, acidification, among other possible approaches.
By combining a versatile tool that allows a reservoir (or well) manager to apply a plurality of treatments to any well in a production field, with the ability to measure the response of the wells to treatment in real time, and to integrate newly collected data. acquired with the previously acquired data, a system allows a reservoir manager to perform tasks that would be impossible or require an expensive and exhaustive use of several different systems that are still far from providing real-time data acquisition. The following is some example of the new uses that are permitted by a system incorporating the invention:
If production levels in a well (eg, pressure and other important parameters) start to decrease in a well, and from the seismic data recovered with the system, the reservoir manager can determine that the oil in the formation is moving away from such a well. A decision can be made to close / stop-pumping-oil-from such a specific well and change it to an injection well.
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If a well's production starts to decrease, and the pressure in the wells also starts to decrease, it could mean that the well is plugged. Based on the analysis of the collected data, the reservoir manager can determine that high frequency radiation is required in order to clean the well's production zone. Once the data recovered from the well and reservoir indicates that production levels have reached a desired (or expected) level again, the high frequency could be stopped, and the low frequency radiation applied in order to increase oil mobility in the reservoir. .
If the production of a well decreases to very low levels and data analysis 10 (eg, of seismic mapping) indicates that the well area is capable of production, it may indicate that other improved oil recovery treatments ( EOR) are guaranteed in addition to the treatment of elastic waves. The reservoir manager can determine that secondary and tertiary extraction methods and EOR (enhanced oil recovery) methods may be required. The efficiency of the 15 existing EOR methods is significantly increased when complemented with other techniques available with this system. For example, acidification alone reaches a depth of a couple of inches or two. When acidification is supplemented with high frequency radiation, acidification can reach additional depths in the reservoir.
If the production of a well tends to change over time, through, for example, increasing (or alternatively decreasing) after a given treatment, the ability to record all the information acquired and analyze historical data allows a reservoir manager to determine a stimulus response pattern. With the --------- time — the-manager-is-eapa-z-to-fine-tune the pattern, type, amount and 25 treatment periods that maximize well / reservoir production .
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a production oil field having a plurality of wells, in which production is managed through the use of an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a typical well to extract oil and / or gas, in order to present the context in which a tool incorporating the invention is used.
Figure 3 is a block diagram representing the components of a system incorporating the invention to stimulate a reservoir, manage production, collect information in real time and process data for online adjustment of production parameters.
Figure 4 is a block diagram representing the components (or modules) of a tool for stimulating wells in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 5 schematically illustrates parts of a low frequency mechanical wave generator in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6A schematically illustrates a way to assemble a tool to stimulate and drill a well in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, in which a low frequency module and the power supply are connected proximally to the pipeline and a set of generators. high frequency acoustic wave and actuators are connected distally from the pipeline.
Figure 6B schematically illustrates a way to assemble a tool to stimulate and drill a well in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which a low frequency module and the power supply are connected between a proximal segment and a distal segment in which each of the segments
19/4 9 proximal and distal comprises at least one high frequency acoustic wave generator and / or at least one driver.
Figure 6C schematically illustrates a way to assemble a tool to stimulate and drill a well in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which a low frequency module and the power supply are distally connected to the pipeline and a set of wave generators high frequency acoustics and actuators are connected proximally to the pipeline.
Figure 7 is a block diagram representing components for stimulating wells in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8 is a flow chart diagram showing the steps to stimulate a well using an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 9 is a flow diagram of the steps of the method for managing a production reservoir in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a system, method and mechanism to stimulate and manage the production of a natural resource, such as oil, gas or water, by installing a device in one or more wells within a reservoir, collecting data in real time and applying one or more treatments to the reservoir. The invention provides a downhole type tool that can host one or more acoustic stimulus devices, energy devices, monitoring systems and other triggers that allow the system to apply other treatments in addition to acoustic treatments. The system is capable of collecting data in real time, transmitting data to a data processing center, and processing the data while integrating data in real time with previously acquired data, ------------ --- In the following description, numerous specific details are established for
0/4 9 provide a more complete description of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one with skill in the relevant technique, that the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, the known well resources have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the invention. The claims following this description are what define the limits and restrictions of the invention.
The reference to “natural resource in the following description can mean any type of product that can be extracted from a geological formation. Throughout the application, the term "Oil" is used to mean crude oil, natural gas, water or any other substance present in a geological formation whose extraction may benefit from an embodiment of the invention. In some specific examples, the term “oil” is used in its usual meaning, such as when describing an oil well situation with a high content of natural gas, or containing water.
In the following description, the term user can be used to refer to a person using the system, such as a device operator, an oil field production manager or any other person involved in the operation, control, communication and / or programming of one or more system components. The term user can also refer to a machine that can be programmed by an operator to operate, control and / or communicate with any portion of the system. In the latter case, a computer that is programmed to capture the data, process the data and modify the production parameters can be termed as a user.
Existing technologies provide numerous systems for data acquisition, data transmission and data analysis. Data acquisition, data analysis and data transmission used in the realizations of the invention can use the software
21/49 computer to conduct any specific processing tasks to use an embodiment of the invention. One with ordinary skill in the art would recognize the specific tools for data processing and / or a digital computer programming required to deploy the computer programs involved in deploying the invention without a detailed description of such programs in the present disclosure. The development of such computer programs can be conducted in a multitude of applications to implement the invention without deviating from the scope of the invention.
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a production oil field having a plurality of wells, in which production is managed through the use of an embodiment of the invention. A typical oil field (eg, 100) hosts a plurality of wells (eg, W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6 and W7). The oil field map 100 shows isopic lines (eg 110) that represent regions of equal thickness on a geological layer, which may be the layer containing the natural resource of interest or any other layer above or below the interest layer. The latest data are obtained, for example, from seismic studies in preliminary assessments of the reservoir's content.
A system incorporating the invention comprises a plurality of stimulus and / or data collection tools that can be installed in any number of wells in a production field according to the invention. A stimulating device according to the invention comprises or more devices for generating low frequency and high frequency acoustic waves. In the example shown in Figure 1, a stimulus device is installed in each of the wells W1, W2, W3,
W4, W5, W6 and W7. The system allows a reservoir manager to operate the
22/4 9 stimulus tools in any chosen regime. In the example in Figure 1, the stimulus tool is operating the high frequency and low frequency devices in well 120 (shown as W2), while wells W1, W3, W4, W5, W6 and W7 are operating only the (s) high frequency device (s). In this way, well 120 generates low frequency waves (eg 140) that are characterized by a long wavelength and a longer spatial range, while high frequency vibrations (eg 130) ) have a much shorter wavelength and therefore a shorter range.
A system incorporating the invention allows a reservoir manager to collect data in real time, monitor production and vary production parameters in order to optimize production. For example, the manager may determine that the stimulus treatment should be applied continuously or periodically. Or, the manager can determine the amount and type of treatment. For example, a manager may find that well 150 should be used as an injection well, if well 150 has low productivity and the oil flow is determined to be moving away from well 150.
Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a typical well to extract oil and / or gas, in order to present the context in which a tool incorporating the invention is used. Well 220, for extracting fluids from a geological formation, is basically an orifice lined with a layer of cement 225 and an enclosure 228 that houses and supports a production pipe chain 230 coaxially installed inside it. The well is connected to a reservoir 210 that has adequate permeability to let fluids produced in the formation flow through the perforations and / or holes 240 in the casing of well _T providing a path or trajectory within the formation.
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Typically, there are numerous perforations (eg, 240) that extend radially from the coated or covered well. The perforations are uniformly separated from the coating, and pass out of the coating through a formation. In an ideal case, the perforations are only located within the formation, and their number depends on the thickness of the formation. It is particularly common to have 9 (nine), and up to 12 (twelve) perforations per meter of depth in the formation. Other perforations extend longitudinally, and yet other perforations can extend radially from 0 ° azimuth, while additional perforations, located every 90 °, can define four sets of perforations around azimuth. Formation fluids pass through these perforations and enter the coated (or covered) well.
Preferably, the oil well is plugged by a sealing mechanism, such as a plug element (e.g., 232), and / or with a bridge-type plug, located below the level of perforations (e.g. 234). The plug element 232 can be connected to a production tube, and defines a compartment 205. The production fluid, from the formation or reservoir, enters the compartment and fills the compartment until it reaches a fluid level. The accumulated oil, for example, flows from the formation and can be accompanied by varying amounts of natural gas. Consequently, the coated compartment 105 may contain oil, some water, natural gas and solid waste, with sand usually settling on the bottom of the compartment.
A tool 200 for stimulating the well in accordance with the embodiments of the invention, can be lowered into the well to reach the level of formation, or in other instances, it can be beneficial to stimulate depths above-or-below the production layer. To achieve the last result, a system incorporating the
24/4 9 invention provides the ability to operate the tool at any chosen depth. The tool can be connected to the terrain surface using an attachment means 250, it can also be attached to the end of the pipe 230 using an adapter, or it can be mounted in series with the pipe segments. When assembled in series with the piping, one or more tools can be installed in each well by simply attaching the tool with a coupling to the piping, then attaching another tool or segment of piping, then repeating the process as many times as desired for any application specific.
In this way, a tool 200 can be lowered momentarily into a well to treat the well or by attaching the tool to the end of the tube 230, the tool can be operated even as production continues from the well. The attachment means comprises a set of cables to provide the resistance to maintain the weight of the tool 200. The attachment means may also comprise power cables to transmit electrical energy to the tool, and communication cables, such as copper wires and / or fiber optics to provide a means of transmitting data between ground control computers and the tool.
Figure 3 is a block diagram representing the components of a system incorporating the invention to stimulate a reservoir, manage production, collect information in real time and process data for online adjustment of production parameters. A reservoir 210 is typically equipped with one or more tools (eg, 310, 312 and 314), also called stimulus probes, to stimulate a reservoir and collect data.
A Stimulus probe (see below for more details) comprises any combination of the following: one or more acoustic wave generation devices
5/4 9 lower frequency, one or more high frequency acoustic wave devices, one or more power suppliers, one or more triggers to apply other conventional methods of stimulating wells, one or more sensors to collect state data operational of the devices, the physical state of the area adjacent to the well, the movement of natural resources within any portion of the reservoir (eg, using seismic monitoring).
The stimulus probes (eg, 310, 312 and 314) apply acoustic energy to the formation by transmitting pressure waves (eg, 310) to the rock formation. A stimulus probe, in accordance with the embodiments of the invention, comprises one or more sensors for collecting state of formation information (eg, 322). Each stimulus probe is connected to a well data processing and control system (eg, 330, 332 and 334). A stimulus probe can transmit the information collected by the sensors to the data processing and control system through a data transmission medium, such as copper wires and / or optical fiber, and receives the control data, for example, to adjust the energy and time of application of the acoustic wave treatment and / or other conventional treatments, such as heat.
The well data control and processing system (eg, 330, 332 and 334) comprises a computer system that can individually serve a well or be shared between a plurality of wells belonging to the same reservoir. In addition, the well data processing and control system can be located on-site or off-site.
A system incorporating the invention comprises a reservoir data processing and integration system 340. The data processing-and-integration system allows a reservoir manager to collect data from a
26/4 9 plurality of wells within a production field, integrate the newly acquired data with the data previously acquired and analyze the data. The reservoir processing and data processing system can be located on site in the production field or it can be located remotely. The data is then transmitted remotely via any available network medium 350 (eg, wired or wireless communication medium) to communicate information between the well data processing and control system and the integration and processing system reservoir data.
In other implementations of the invention, a reservoir data processing and integration system can host the well data processing capabilities of the control systems.
Figure 4 is a block diagram representing the components (or modules) of a tool for stimulating wells in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. A tool 200 incorporating the invention can comprise any combination of a power supply 410, one or more low frequency wave generators 420, a high frequency wave generator 230, a monitoring system 440 and one or more drive systems 450 Physically, the last modules can be mounted in any sequence with the stimulus probe mechanism.
Any of the modules listed above can be constructed using a corrosion-resistant metal tube as an outer frame within which one or more devices are mounted. In addition, one or both ends of the cylindrical tube can be configured to mate with other tubes configured in the same way to allow the coupling of more devices. The invention provides a manager with the flexibility to adapt the tool to
27/4 9 specific needs to stimulate a well. A tool 200 can combine any number of modules. The type, number and configuration of the modules depend on the goal that a well manager may wish to achieve by stimulating the well. For example, a tool 200 allows a well manager, after studying the formation composition, the liquid flow rate, pressure, temperature and any other well parameter, to configure tool 200 for a target purpose. The target purpose may be to induce vibration in the rock at a greater distance (eg, several meters from the well), in which case the manager may choose to use one or more low frequency wave generators. In other instances, the manager may choose to add multiple high frequency wave generators, as would be the case, for example, when more fluidity of the oil is desired.
The energy supplier 410 consists of an electrical system capable of receiving energy (eg direct current energy) from the land surface via an energy transfer cable, transforming the electrical energy in accordance with the requirement other components (eg, 420, 430, 440 and 450) of tool 200, and deliver energy to each component as required. When transforming the energy, the power supplier 410 can convert the direct current (DC) to alternating current or vice versa (AC); generates AC currents at one or several frequencies; generates pulsed currents or any type of electrical energy regime that may be necessary for the proper functioning of a component. For the latter purpose, power provider 410 comprises one or more electronic circuits to supply the correct electrical current to components 420, 430, 440 and 450 in the tool. For example, tool 200 may comprise an electronic circuit to store energy in a capacitor and
8/4 9 deliver a high voltage pulse when the energy stored in the capacitor reaches a predetermined limit. The latter is useful, for example, to drive a low frequency wave generator that uses a high voltage current to generate an electric arc inside a radiation chamber, thereby generating elastic waves. The power supplier 410 can also understand the electronic circuits allowing him to receive information and execute commands from a computer and / or other electronic circuit. For example, power provider 410 may receive an instruction from a grounded computer to start, stop, or resume operation of any component. It can be instructed to deliver more or less energy to any of the components or to change the operating frequency of one or more wave generators.
The embodiments of the invention comprise one or more low frequency wave generators 420. Low frequency sound waves are characterized by their ability to transfer energy over long distances (e.g., hundreds of meters). The embodiments of the invention can use any available device capable of generating low frequency elastic waves between 0.1 to 1000 Hz, which can result in wavelengths between 1 meter and 3000 meters.
In addition to being able to incorporate any technology available to make a module that generates low frequency elastic waves, the invention provides at least two more ways to generate low frequency waves, and contemplates the use of other devices based on different principals. The embodiments of the invention can use the periodic delivery of high frequency surges and take advantage of the propagation properties of elastic waves in geological formation, in order to transform the low frequency periodicity of high frequency application in the low frequency waves that are propagate through the reservoir.
9/4 9
The last low frequency implementation is fully described in a patent application US co-pending utility (Series C ^to 12,954,906), which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
Alternatively, the embodiments of the invention can deploy a low-frequency wave generator that is based on the principal of creating an electrical arc, which can be configured to emit powerful waves of sound. A detailed description of a low-frequency mechanical wave generator in accordance with the invention is provided further below in the disclosure and in a co-pending U.S. Patent Application No. ² Series 12962436, which is included here in its entirety by reference. .
Furthermore, the invention contemplates the ability to generate a low frequency elastic wave when beating 2 (two) rigid materials at high speed against each other, thus releasing a portion of the kinetic energy as pressure waves. The latter can be implanted in the main of a hammer and anvil. A hammer can be operated by a trigger (eg, electromagnet) that is able to move at high speed and hit a hard-surface target, thereby releasing energy in the form of low-frequency elastic waves.
The embodiments of the invention can comprise one or more high frequency wave generators (e.g., 430). High frequency elastic waves can be produced for any high frequency radiation device (eg, magnetostrictive transducers, piezoelectric transducers or any other available high frequency electroacoustic wave generator). A complete review of high-frequency techniques for stimulating oil wells is provided on a paper by Wong et al. published by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE Production & Facilities, November 2004, Vol. 19
4/30 9
No. 4, Pages 183-188), which is included here by reference.
An important effect of high frequency mechanical waves in an oil well is the decoupling of fluid to solid due to the inability of viscous forces to compensate for the forces of inertia throughout the volume. The fluid layer 5 closest to the solid is firmly bound to the sodium, oscillating with it, and where the thickness of the layer decreases as the frequency increases. Within the layer, the apparent viscosity increases, considering that, in the rest of the pore fluid, a reduction in viscosity is observed.
The fluid found in a formation is a colloidal system, as a solid phase 10 is found in the fluid. This gives rise to a non-Newtonian fluid, which behaves like a solid or may have extremely high viscosity under certain conditions. The forming fluid affects the region close to the drilling hole by blocking the flow through the pores, and decreasing the permeability of the area. This process is known as formation damage.
High frequency mechanical waves affect formation damage by two means. The first is disintegration due to mechanical oscillations, when energy is sufficient (10 ' ⁷ J / cm ³ ), which destroys long spaced clotting structures. The second medium is electro-osmosis, the oscillation of a solid immersed in a fluid that generates unbalanced electrical charges. This can lead to a rupture of 20 van der Waals bonds between the particles.
A tool incorporating the invention (eg, 200) can comprise a 440 monitoring system. A monitoring system comprises one or more sensors designed to capture physical parameters, such as, temperature,. pressure, —content — of — gas — and_any — other_manifestation — physical relevant to oil recovery and well management. The sensors are chosen for the task
31/4 9 based on its industrial design to withstand the stress of elements in the operating environment. For example, sensors must be designed to withstand the corrosive environment under which operations are conducted.
In addition, the sensors can include seismic sensors capable of detecting propagated waves through rock formation. The latter sensors can be very valuable for collecting seismic data during the operation of the stimulus and production device. A system implanting the invention is, therefore, capable of conducting real-time research of the reservoir, since the system comprises both low frequency seismic wave generators that are installed in a plurality of wells, and sensors for detect the wave propagation properties. In this way, a system implementing the invention is able to provide detailed seismic mapping of a reservoir at any time of operation by collecting data from seismic sensors and processing the data.
A monitoring system 440 in accordance with the deployments of the invention may comprise a set of transducers for converting physical information into digital information for transmission to a remote computer.
The tool 200 embodying the invention can comprise a drive system 450. The drive system 450 comprises any combination of available tools (or actuators), such as heaters, high pressure water nozzles and any other tool available for well treatment . A tool assembled in accordance with the teachings of the invention may use a coupling for the purpose of attaching one or more actuators in series with other components of the tool -------------: ------ --------------------- Figure 5 schematically illustrates parts of a mechanical wave generator of
32/4 9 low frequency in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The low frequency mechanical wave generator of Figure 4 comprises a radiation chamber 560 in which the high energy short pulse pulses are carried out in a controlled environment within the chamber.
The low-frequency mechanical wave generator 500 can be constructed using an outer casing 520, two or more caps (eg, 540 and 545), a first and a second electrode 510 and 512, respectively, an inner rubber lining 530, insulation sleeves 515 (eg, Teflon sleeves) and rubber flanges (eg, 550). The chamber 560 into which the electrodes protrude can be filled with fluid. In some applications, the fluid in chamber 560 may be more or less electrically conductive depending on the desired application.
The 520 housing can be constructed using corrosion resistant metal or any other material that provides the necessary strength, corrosion resistance and other physical properties, such as electrical and heat conductance, density or any other property that would be relevant to any given application, it is notable that the physical properties of the casing material are relevant, as the shape and size of the casing can determine the relevant vibration properties of the tool. For example, the low frequency mechanical wave generator can be designed to have a certain desired resonant frequency.
The low frequency mechanical wave generator 500 comprises an energy storage device which is charged by means of a power source. When the required energy levels to break the electrical breakdown voltage of the
---------- non-conductive fluid inside the radiation chamber Q-õOO-are-reached-all energy is discharged per pulse from the energy storage device in the
33/4 9 fluid. The latter results in an explosion inside the 560 chamber, creating shock waves.
In the embodiments of the invention, the interior of the chamber 560 can be indented to provide one or more surfaces that reflect the pressure waves in such a way that the waves can be focused and / or propagated in a specific direction. For example, the 565 feature can be a parabolic surface, the reflection of which would transform a spherical pressure wave emanating from the space between the electrode into a radial pressure wave that propagates perpendicularly to the tool axis 500.
Low frequency mechanical waves are generated due to the excitation regime of the pulse discharges of the energy storage system. A system incorporating the invention comprises a radiation chamber, the length of which may be half the wavelength (A / 2, where "A" symbolizes the wavelength) or an integer multiple of the wavelength of the electroacoustic vibration. The wavelength depends on the speed of the pressure wave in the material chosen for the construction of the chamber. For example, using stainless steel that has an approximate conductivity of the sound waves of 5000-6000 m / s, the chamber would have a wavelength between 2.5 m and 12.5 cm for a resonance frequency of 1 kHz at 20 kHz.
In the embodiments of the invention, in order to increase the transmission of electroacoustic energy, the chamber 560 can be filled with a conductive fluid (e.g., calcium chloride dissolved in water). The electrodes can also be positioned at a specific distance to break the electrical breakdown voltage of the liquid. A system ----------------to-electric-desearga-can-be-set ^- to ^- A ^- radiation ^- of ^_ 'low frequency (e.g., to stimulate oil / gas reservoir or low water
34/4 9 frequency, 1 Hz to 200 Hz is recommended).
This regime is achieved by charging and discharging the energy storage device (eg, using a low-impedance, high-voltage capacitor).
An embodiment of the invention provides a corrosion resistant heat sink chamber capable of being used as an acoustic resonance chamber. The arrangement of the chamber in relation to the other wave generators attributes the resonance characteristics to the device. The corrosion-resistant heat sink chamber also prevents the system from overheating by means of a heat sink liquid that fills the device, allowing the system to work in the gas reservoirs or oil wells with a high gas concentration. When working in heavy oil wells, the ability to efficiently transfer the heat generated by wave radiators to the environment also improves the system's ability to reduce oil viscosity, thereby facilitating the extraction of crude oil.
In a device incorporating the invention comprising a low frequency electroacoustic radiation module, the chamber can be made of corrosion resistant rubber 530 (eg, rubber packed in Teflon), the length of which can be A / 2 or a multiple of whole number of A, which is the wavelength.
An embodiment according to Figure 5, in which the material inside the corrosion resistant radiation chamber is a non-conductive material (eg, air). The energy required in the energy storage device must reach the levels necessary to reach the electrical break voltage in the gap between the electrodes. When such levels are reached, a discharge pü1so ^_ of ^_ "^ heTgiã duh" to M-a / réha7iãh energy storage device is held in the gap between the electrodes
5/49 creating the shock wave of the elastic wave.
In the embodiments of the invention, the device comprises an adapter (not shown) that connects the low frequency wave generator to the casing of the well. In the last realization, the low frequency is radiated to the reservoir through the natural resonance frequency of the well casing. For example, the natural resonance frequency of the steel casing of a 2.5 km well is 1 Hz, considering a sound speed of 5000 m / s in the steel from which the casing is typically made. As an added benefit, a device incorporating the invention can be used in abandoned wells (inside a reservoir) that can be dedicated to stimulate the reservoir with high energy and high and low frequencies, without concern for damage to the cement walls of such wells .
Figure 6A schematically illustrates a way to assemble a tool to stimulate and drill a well in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which a low frequency module and the power supply are connected proximally to the pipeline and a set of wave generators high frequency acoustics and actuators are connected distally from the pipeline. In the illustration in Figure 6A, a power supply segment 610 is attached to a coupling 605 that connects the tool to the well tubing. The next component of the tool, in the last example, is a 615 low frequency acoustic wave generator. Other segments, such as 625, can be attached to the end of the low frequency generator. The segment 625 includes any number of acoustic wave generating high frequency 630 and / or actuators 640. A system-cable-620 understood to carry the thread-energra ^{_ _} ao forhecedor energy 610 and / or the wave generators high frequency acoustics and
6/4 9 triggers. The cables may also comprise wires to transmit data between the tool and the data processing and control systems.i Figure 6B schematically illustrates a way to assemble a tool to stimulate and drill a well in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which a low frequency module and the power supplier are connected between a proximal segment and a distal segment in which each of the proximal and distal segments comprises at least one high frequency acoustic wave generator and / or at least one driver. Figure 6B shows two segments 626 and 628 of the tool in addition to the low frequency segment 615. In the last example, each segment connected proximally and distally, respectively, can host at least one high frequency acoustic wave generator. and at least one trigger.
Figure 6C schematically illustrates a way to assemble a tool to stimulate and drill a well in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which a low frequency module and the power supply are distally connected to the pipeline and a set of wave generators high frequency acoustics and actuators are connected proximally to the pipeline.
The device for generating low and high frequency electroacoustic waves can be configured so that the low frequency radiation section can be placed above, below or between the high frequency radiation elements. Since the device is intended to be modular and flexible, construction may require simple attachment of each of the low and high frequency wave generators (eg, 640) in a similar way to the chain and provide the same electrical power from the power supplier 610. One or more cables (eg 608) connect the power supplier to each of the wave generators.
7/4 9
The modular construction of a device incorporating the invention is an important feature -------- compared to the prior art. Well managers are allowed to set up a device to treat a particular well based on the specific characteristics of that well. For example, based on information from the geology of the formation, the type of oil extracted from the well, the reserves in the reservoir and any other characteristics of the well, a manager can determine which treatment (eg, high frequency vs. low high energy frequency) could lead to the desired results. Using an embodiment of the invention, a manager can assemble modular components that meet the goal.
Figure 7 is a block diagram representing the components for stimulating wells in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The most important factor when recovering a natural resource, such as oil, gas or water, is the 710 geological formation in which the natural resource resides. The content in minerals, texture compression is among the physical factors that characterize the geological formation. When stimulating a well, the characteristics of the resource itself must also be considered. For example, oil can differ greatly in its chemical composition and gas content from one well to another within the same reservoir, even if the geological formation remains similar. The latter is considered when selecting the methods by which a well should be stimulated.
The embodiments of the invention provide a tool (e.g., 200) that can comprise one or more components to apply several different stimulus regimes using mechanical waves, apply one of more treatments, such as high pressure water overload, and collection of information from the well for the purpose of evaluating the result-of-the-stimulus-and-readjusting-the-parameters-of-trãtãrnêntõ · ---------------- 25 Figure 7 is a block diagram representing the components of a system
8/4 9 to manage a well through the acoustic stimulus in accordance with a ------ ^rea li ^za Will the invention. As described above, the system comprises a tool (eg 200) of a downhole type. The tool comprises a plurality of devices comprising one or more high and low frequency acoustic wave generators 5 (e.g., 732 and 730, respectively), one or more power generators 740, one or more drive devices 734 and one or more monitoring devices 738. In addition, a system incorporating the invention comprises a control and data processing system 750. The control and data processing system consists of one or more computers. A computer (eg, of a personal computer or server type) can be any computing device equipped with a processor, memory, data storage system, capable of executing software instructions. The computer is activated with electronic interfaces for communication with other computers and other devices, such as digital and analog network switches, telephone lines, 15 wireless communication and any other device capable of receiving, processing and / or transmitting data.
The data processing and control system 750 provides a user interface that allows a manager to interact with data processing and control. During operation, the acoustic treatment of a well results in 20 changes that affect the geological formation 710. The latest changes can be reflected in one or more physical parameters, such as temperature, pressure, water acidity, flow rate of the resource natural, gas content or any other parameter that can be measured with a sensor placed in the monitoring system - Others — tip0s-de ~ information are not directly WTéflêtidõs hos 25 measured parameters, however, through data processing, a manager can
9/4 9 be trained with the ability to interpret the result of data processing and make decisions for additional treatments accordingly. For example, after collecting data over a period of time, the manager can learn from data processing that a particular trend is taking place, in which, the manager can make a decision to take steps to stimulate the well in order to improve the recovery and / or anticipating future problems that may reduce or interrupt production.
The data processing and control system can supply the energy needed to supply the 740 power supplier. A power cable (eg, 770) is typically lowered into the well along with the downhole tool. The control system can deliver energy, for example, in a raw form, such as direct current energy or as modulated electrical energy that directly controls the downhole device. In the event that the energy is delivered to the energy supplier, the control system can simply communicate the commands to the energy supplier. Communication is established through the 786 communication medium, which can be wires, fiber optic cables or any other medium selected to implement the invention. The commands from the control system to the power supplier can include instructions that determine the drive energy that the power supplier delivers to any of the devices, such as the acoustic wave generators, monitoring system and drive system. For example, the data processing and control system allows a manager to pre-define the frequency at which a low-frequency acoustic wave generator must operate.
The power supplier 740 comprises a fluid plume, each of which can be designed to drive an individual component. Per
0/4 9 example, the power supplier 740 can generate the high voltage pulses that trigger (eg, 772) the low frequency acoustic wave generators; the power supplier 740 can generate high frequency energy to drive (eg, 774) high frequency acoustic wave generators; the energy supplier 740 can generate the energy necessary to activate (eg, 776) other devices (eg, heating system) to conduct one or more treatments to stimulate the well.
The data processing and control system can connect to the monitoring system for the purpose of collecting data through the 780 communication medium. The monitoring system allows the inventions' achievements to collect data in real time. Since the downhole tool can be attached to the end of the tube (as described above), the use of the embodiments of the invention allows for the treatment of a well while simultaneously collecting data and after the treatment progresses.
The systems incorporating the invention comprise a 760 reservoir management system. The reservoir management system is also capable of processing data and providing a user with an interface to interact with data processing and operations. The reservoir management system consists of one or more computers that can be located locally (eg, adjacent to production wells) or remotely in a central facility. The reservoir management system is equipped with communication devices, such as network switches, wireless communication and any interface required to communicate data between computers within the system to and from a remote.
A user, such as a well manager, can integrate a plurality of data processing systems and determine the parameters for acting on
41/49 a specific well and / or multiple wells simultaneously.
Figure 8 is a flowchart diagram showing the steps for stimulating a well using an embodiment of the invention. The steps in the flowchart in Figure 8 are for illustration only and do not restrict a user of a system incorporating the invention to follow the steps in the order in which they are shown in the Figure. A user, such as a well / reservoir manager, can select to investigate any of the well production parameters, then make a decision based on the indicators. The steps and the type of well stimulus are then conducted after the test results. The invention provides the flexibility that well information can be visited at any point in time and a system incorporating the invention that is installed in a well can be operated to stimulate the well.
In step 810, a user of a system in accordance with the invention can initially collect a plurality of information about a well and / or reservoir. For example, seismic studies, analysis of rock composition during drilling, chemical analysis of the resource to be (or being) extracted, flow rate of the resource, well pressure and a plurality of input data are all data that assist the manager in determining whether the well needs treatment and what type of treatment is needed. In step 820, the manager tests the data collected against a knowledge base. The last knowledge base includes information 20 previously collected through another means (eg, preliminary reservoir geology studies), data collected using the monitoring system provided by the system incorporating the invention, as well as information in real time collected during operations using an embodiment of the invention. The result of such tests ------ hunger-indicators-for-the-state-of-the-wells. For example, in one oil well at 25 the flow has decreased while the viscosity of the recovered oil is unchanged can
42/4 9 be an indicator that the pores in the extraction zone are clogged, rather than the oil flow being affected by a change in the physical nature of the oil
One or more test steps can be conducted to assist the manager to assess the condition of the well and select one or more methods of • 5 treatments to apply to the well. For example, in step 830, a manager can check whether the indicators point to an increase in capillary forces, which would be an indicator of the reduced pore diameter. In the latter case, the manager can apply seismic wave treatment in step 840. Seismic waves are typically low frequency waves (ie long wavelength), which travel very long distances compared to high frequency waves. (ie, short wavelength). The seismic treatment tends to increase the pore diameter, thus reducing capillary forces and in order to break the liquid surface films adsorbed to the pore limits. Seismic-type treatment can also induce increased flow as Bjerknes forces induce coalescence of oil droplets causing them to oscillate and move. The seismic type treatment can also increase the temperature.
In general, in a typical depleted well, residual oil is found dispersed in water in the form of droplets, due to the separation of density of these two fluids. Capillary forces play a very important role in liquid percolation 20 through small pores, in which liquid films are adsorbed on the pore walls, making the droplets more difficult to move and reducing the effective pore diameter. Because of this, the required drop in pressure for percolation needs to be greater, meaning less mobility. Seismic waves reduce capillary forces as they destroy the surface films adsorbed at the limits of 25 pores, reducing their adhesion to the surface, increasing the effective cross section of the
43/4 9 pore.
Furthermore, mechanical waves with a wavelength greater than the oil droplet flow induce droplet movements. The Bjerknes forces, which are forces of attraction for the oscillating droplets of one fluid in another, induce the coalescence of the oil droplets, forming the oil currents in the porous space. As a result, the mobility of the oil increases.
A well / reservoir manager can test in an oil well, in step 835, if the water recovered together with the oil contains small oil droplets dispensed in the water, which would be an indicator of reduced mobility. If the latter case is true, the manager can select to apply the seismic type waves in step 840. In step 838, the manager can test whether the oil viscosity is high, which can also indicate that the oil's mobility is (or will be reduced). If the viscosity of the oil is increasing, the achievements of the invention allow the well to be stimulated with low frequency waves in step 840 and high frequency waves in step 860, which would stimulate the oil flow from a distance in the well formation, and the high frequency application increases the fluidity of the oil.
In step 855, the indicators can point to damage in the formation. In the latter case, the manager can apply, in step 860, high frequency waves, which help to clean the cracks in the formation.
An important effect of high frequency mechanical waves in an oil well is the decoupling of fluid to solid due to the inability of viscous forces to compensate for inertial forces throughout the volume. The fluid layer closest to the solid is firmly attached to the solid, oscillating with it, and where the layer thickness decreases as the frequency increases. Within the layer, the apparent viscosity increases, considering that, in the rest of the pore fluid, a reduction in
44/4 9 viscosity is observed.
The fluid found in a formation is a colloidal system, as a solid phase is found in the fluid. This gives rise to a non-Newtonian fluid, which behaves like a solid or may have extremely high viscosity under certain conditions. The forming fluid affects the region near the drilling hole by blocking the flow through the pores, and decreases the permeability of the area. This process is known as formation damage.
High frequency mechanical waves affect formation damage by two means. The first is disintegration due to mechanical oscillations, when energy is sufficient (10 ' ⁷ J / cm ³ ), which destroys long spaced coagulation structures. The second medium is electro-osmosis, based on the oscillation of a solid immersed in a fluid that generates unbalanced electrical charges. This can lead to a breakdown of van der Waals bonds between the particles.
Figure 9 is a flow diagram of the steps of the method for managing a production reservoir in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Step 910 involves collecting preliminary data, such as geological surveys of the field, results of geophysical studies and any other data that may be collected before drilling in a reservoir. Since a system incorporating the invention is the well fitted for installation in aged oil fields due to declining production, much of the data may have been obtained many years before the system was installed. The system is activated to integrate information from different types of data. For example, maps that were conducted at the beginning of the exploration can be compared to maps that were obtained in one or more surveys over time. The latter should allow a reservoir manager to extract valuable information about the flow of the resource in the soil and make the decision
45/4 9 to still use the system to stimulate the wells in the reservoir.
Reservoir data can be entered into a computer system that stores, processes and allows a manager to operate various types of data processing tools, to represent the current status of the reservoir and / or for simulation and forecasting purposes. For example, when comparing the previous maps of the reservoir content with periodically obtained reservoir maps, it is possible to obtain a four-dimensional mapping of the reservoir, i.e., a three-dimensional map of the reservoir over a period of time. Such a mapping could reveal, for example, a movement of the natural resource within a reservoir, or if some areas of the reservoir are depleted faster than others, or any other information that may be informative to a reservoir manager, or that may be inferred from the data.
Step 912 involves obtaining information from each well. As described above, a record is kept for each well during drilling and complete production. Well data comprises physical data, such as pressure, temperature, acidity and many other relevant information. Well data also includes production history and behavior characteristics. The latter characteristics define changes in production that may have occurred in a well, spontaneously or as a result of one or more stimulus treatments. Well information is important not only to characterize the well itself, but also to further characterize the reservoir as a whole. Well information can be entered into a computer system for the purpose of creating graphical representations of the status of a well, developing maps (eg, 3D and 4D) of the reservoir, monitoring changes in well production, and anticipating the changes that may occur as a result of treatments
6/4 9 well.
Step 914 involves establishing a preliminary layout for organization based on the knowledge collected from the reservoir and well data in the system. A well manager is activated to designate, for example, wells to be 5 production wells equipped with a well stimulus tool, and other wells that will only serve to stimulate and collect data, but not for production. Consequently, the manager determines in step 914 which type of devices should be implanted in a pro stimulus and in which specific well. For example, as described above, one well can be equipped with a combination of high and low frequency acoustic stimulus devices, while another well can be equipped with a downhole tool comprising a different combination of devices to maintain the requirement assessed for treatment.
Step 920 involves organizing a downhole tool in every 15 wells chosen. The organization involves determining whether the downhole tool is installed permanently or temporarily in the well, the depth at which the treatment is applied and any other factors involved in optimizing the treatment site. Step 920 also involves determining the number of devices to be installed within each well. For example, the downhole tool may comprise more than one generator of high or low frequency acoustic devices in one well, while in another well, the number of devices may be different.
The organization of the downhole tools for well stimulus and collection from step 920 also involves determining how the 25 well bottom tool is lowered into the well and held in place during operation. For example,
7/49 downhole tools can be included inside the pipe, assembled in series with other pipe segments or can be attached to the pipe's RytrAmity.
Step 930 involves the configuration of the stimulating devices. As described above, a control module allows the selection of a regime in which a device within the downhole tool operates. The reservoir manager can configure the device on each downhole tool to operate in a specific regime, which would optimize production in a reservoir as a whole. For example, the manager is allowed to configure the frequency at which low frequency acoustic discharges are applied. The configuration parameters are flexible, and can be changed at any time in the system in accordance with the achievements of the invention. Step 930 can be carried out manually by user intervention, or automatically, as in the case of continuous monitoring that provides feedback to the system that automatically adjusts the configuration parameters of the downhole devices.
Step 940 involves applying one or more stimulus regimes to one or more wells. During step 940, the devices in the downhole tools are operated by supplying power in a modulated way to drive the devices, or in other instances by supplying raw electricity, and instruction through the control module to generate the modulated energy. , which activate high and / or low frequency acoustic generators.
Step 950 involves collecting data from the sensors that are installed on the downhole tools and other sensors that can be installed on the terrain surface. The data collected reflects the type of sensors used to
48/4 9 each intended application. For example, each well tool can comprise numerous measurement sensors to capture pressure temperature <= other physical parameters. Geophones are used to capture pressure waves of the seismic type that are reflected from the underground surface, which helps to build 3-dimensional and 4-dimensional underground maps.
Geophones (i.e., seismic sensors) as used in the invention combined with data processing methods provide a [sic]
Step 960 involves receiving and analyzing the data collected in accordance with the teachings of the invention. The collected data captured by the sensors at the bottom of the pit and surface of the terrain are transmitted to the data processing modules. The collected data is transmitted to a computer system that integrates the newly collected data with previously collected data, as well as production data. The system processes the data, and one or more analyzes can be conducted. A manager is allowed with the data analysis tools and graphing tool to apply specific processing steps (eg, mapping, map comparison) to make decisions regarding additional steps that may be required to optimize production .
Step 962 involves determining, based on the results of the data analysis, whether the layout of the downhole tools within a reservoir is guaranteed. For example, when production has changed in an area of the reservoir, the manager can determine that the downhole tool in one or more wells must be configured differently or its location changed, such as, additional more acoustic generators or change the depth of organization. The affected downhole tools are then changed and a new layout is
9/4 9 established and tools organized.
Step 964 involves determining, based on the results of the data analysis, whether the operating regime of one or more downhole tools within a reservoir should be modified. A manager can change the acoustic frequency, intensity and / or periodicity of the pulses of the acoustic treatment. The latter process can be carried out by issuing instructions via a computer system (eg, locally or remotely) to the control modules of each downhole tool.
Thus, a system, mechanism and method to stimulate productivity in the 10 natural resource production fields are described. The invention provides a mechanism comprising one or more high and / or low frequency acoustic wave generation devices, actuators to apply conventional well treatments and sensors to collect well information. The system according to the invention provides the means to process data, and to integrate newly acquired data 15 with the previously acquired data. The system allows a reservoir manager to view the data, perform an assessment regarding the stimulus requirement (or any other type of treatment), and configure each stimulus probe according to the needs assessed in each field.
The invention provides the ability to increase the production capacity of oil, gas and / or water wells by stimulating the drilling hole for deep and shallow applications, providing seismic tools for seismic research for deep and shallow applications, and providing a integrated reservoir management system combining well stimulus, reservoir stimulus, seismic survey and real time data collection.

权利要求:
Claims (20)
[1]
1. “SYSTEM TO MANAGE THE EXTRACTION OF A NATURAL RESOURCE”, based on a geological formation, characterized by understanding:
means to stimulate at least one well;
means for collecting well data from said at least one well;
means for transmitting said well data to a data processing center;
means for processing well data; and means for issuing commands to control said means to stimulate said at least one well.
[2]
2. "SYSTEM" according to claim 1. characterized by the fact that said means to stimulate still comprises the means to generate acoustic waves of low frequency.
[3]
3. "SYSTEM", according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said means to stimulate still comprises the means to generate high frequency acoustic waves.
[4]
4. "SYSTEM", according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that said means for generating high frequency acoustic waves still comprises the piezoelectric means for generating said high frequency acoustic waves.
[5]
5. "SYSTEM", according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that said means for generating high frequency acoustic waves still comprises the magnetostrictive means for generating said high frequency acoustic waves.
[6]
6. "SYSTEM", according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said means to stimulate still comprises the means to generate low frequency acoustic waves and the means to generate high frequency acoustic waves.
2/3
[7]
7. "SYSTEM", according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said means for collecting data still comprises means for monitoring the physical parameters of a drilling hole.
[8]
8. "SYSTEM", according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said means for data processing still comprises:
means for receiving data from seismic studies from at least one data source; and means for mapping said well data and seismic study data.
[9]
9. "SYSTEM", according to claim 8, further characterized by comprising means for determining the magnitude and direction of fluid movement in a reservoir.
[10]
10. “METHOD FOR STIMULATING A RESOURCE PRODUCTION WELL”, characterized by understanding the steps of:
obtain a plurality of information data for a resource production well;
determine a treatment to apply to said resource production well; and apply at least one type of acoustic waves to the referred resource production well.
[11]
11. "METHOD", according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that said step of obtaining said plurality of information data still comprises the collection of information data in real time from at least one sensor embedded within of the referred resource production well.
[12]
12. "METHOD", according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that said step of determining still comprises comparing said plurality of information data to a set of the status indicator database.
3/3
[13]
13. "METHOD", according to claim 12, further characterized by comprising determining the level of Capillary forces in the drilling of said resource production well.
[14]
14. "METHOD" according to claim 12, further characterized in that it comprises determining whether a water recovered from an oil well contains small oil droplets.
[15]
15. "METHOD", according to claim 12, further characterized in that it comprises determining the viscosity level of the oil from an oil well.
[16]
16. "METHOD" according to claim 12, further characterized in that it comprises determining the formation damage.
[17]
17. "METHOD", according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that said step of applying said at least one type of acoustic waves still comprises generating low frequency elastic waves.
[18]
18. “METHOD”, according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the
Said step of applying said at least one type of acoustic waves further comprises generating and applying a high frequency elastic wave.
[19]
19. "METHOD", according to claim 18, further characterized by comprising using a magnetostrictive device.
[20]
20. "METHOD", according to claim 18, further characterized by
20 understand using a piezoelectric device.

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公开号 | 公开日

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CA2783932A1|2011-06-16|

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CA2783931C|2018-01-02|

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CO6561794A2|2012-11-15|

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WO2011070142A3|2011-08-18|

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WO2011070142A2|2011-06-16|

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US20110139441A1|2011-06-16|

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WO2011070143A3|2011-09-22|

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AR084664A1|2013-06-05|

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CL2012001555A1|2013-01-25|

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WO2011070143A2|2011-06-16|

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CA2783931A1|2011-06-16|

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MX2012006689A|2012-10-09|

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AR081233A1|2012-07-18|

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法律状态:
2017-10-10| B12F| Other appeals [chapter 12.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-08-27| B15I| Others concerning applications: loss of priority|

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2019-09-17| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-10-22| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-01-12| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-05-04| B06G| Technical and formal requirements: other requirements [chapter 6.7 patent gazette]|

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2021-05-11| B06I| Publication of requirement cancelled [chapter 6.9 patent gazette]|Free format text: ANULADA A PUBLICACAO CODIGO 6.7 NA RPI NO 2626 DE 04/05/2021 POR TER SIDO INDEVIDA. |

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2021-05-25| B09B| Patent application refused [chapter 9.2 patent gazette]|

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2021-08-10| B09B| Patent application refused [chapter 9.2 patent gazette]|Free format text: MANTIDO O INDEFERIMENTO UMA VEZ QUE NAO FOI APRESENTADO RECURSO DENTRO DO PRAZO LEGAL |

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2021-10-05| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US28554109P| true| 2009-12-11|2009-12-11|

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US12/963,638|US20110139441A1|2009-12-11|2010-12-09|System, apparatus and method for stimulating wells and managing a natural resource reservoir|

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PCT/EP2010/069358|WO2011070143A2|2009-12-11|2010-12-10|System, apparatus and method for stimulating wells and managing a natural resource reservoir|

---